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Paper   IPM / Particles And Accelerator / 17348
School of Particles and Accelerator
  Title:   Cosmic birefringence as a probe of the nature of dark matter: Sterile neutrino and dipolar dark matter
  Author(s): 
1.  Jafar Khodagholizadeh
2.  S. Mahmoudi
3.  Rohoollah Mohammadi
4.  Mahdi Sadegh
  Status:   Published
  Journal: Phys. Rev. D
  No.:  023023
  Vol.:  108
  Year:  2023
  Supported by:  IPM
  Abstract:
Recently, nonzero rotation angle β = 0.30° ± 0.11° (68% C.L.) has been reported for linear polarization of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which is known as cosmic birefringence (CB). We used this birefringence angle of CMB to study and distinguish different candidates of dark matter (DM), e.g., dipolar and sterile neutrino DM. We calculated CMB forward scattering by those probable candidates of DM to generate β in the presence of primordial scalar fluctuations' background. We explicitly plotted bounds on the mass and electromagnetic coupling for different sectors of DM, sterile neutrino, and dipolar DM, and compared them with other experimental bounds. Regarding dipolar DM, our calculations put a bound on the Majorana magnetic dipole moment about M � 1.4 � 10^-14 β 0.30° m_DM 1 GeV e cm. In the case of sterile neutrino DM, the bound on the mass and mixing angle was estimated at θ^2 � 3.3 (rad)^2 β 0.30° m_DM KeV, which can be a new constraint for sterile neutrino DM whose production mechanism is motivated by models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrino. Based on our results, if the constraint on the mass and the electromagnetic coupling for DM must be within the allowed region, none of the considered candidates can compensate for all the observed CB angle. We also discussed the maximum contribution of the CB angle via CMB forward scattering by different sectors of the dark matter.

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